1.He was said to be working.请教专家老师,既然这个句子用to be working 表示不定式的动作和谓语动词的动作是有重合的,为何不直接用be said working形式,这是英语习惯使用方法还是有肯定规律?
2.再譬如consider sb to do sth这个结构,consider作觉得是静态动词,那样本身宾语补足语时间上应该也是和consider重合的,为何不直接用目前分词作宾补,这也是习惯性使用方法吗?
Sb is said/believed/known等后接动词需要用不定式,不可以改用目前分词。当不定式的动作与谓语动作具备同时性时,则不定式需要用进行体。
Huddleston著《剑桥英语语法》将这种结构称为提高主语(raised subject),即一个分句的主语被提高到高中一年级级的分句中作主语。原句是下面如此的。
It is said/believed/known that sb does/did/has done/is doing sth.
被动语态的主语为that分句整句的内容,而不止是that分句的主语sb. 该句型可以转换如下:
1 用that从句中主语作主句的主语,但此时主语被动语态谓语动词汇义不完整;
2 将that从句的谓语动词改为不定式,作主句中被动语态的主语补足语(只可以用不定式)。
3 假如原that从句谓语动词为静态动词的一般体,则不定式用一般体to do an expert on the subject.
consider sb/sth (to be) + 名词或形容词 (假如名词作to be的确认性表语时,to be不可省略。表语为归属性时,to be可有可无)
This award is considered a great honour.
Who do you consider responsible for the accident?
Weconsidere him to be the man to do the job. (to be不可省略)
consider sb/sth to do (不定式一般须为静态动词表示状况)。
Hes generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country.